Below are some of the Spanish prepositions with their English cognates translated by themselves, outside of any literal, explicit context:

a                         to

ante                  before

bajo                  under

con                    with

contra              against

de                       of, from

desde               from

detrás              behind

en                       in

entre                between

para                 for

por                    by

según               according to

sin                     without

sobre               on

tras                  behind, after

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Primera Enmienda

El Congress no deberá hacer ninguna ley con respecto al establecimeinto de religión, ni prohibirá su libre ejercicio; ni acortará la libertad de expresión, ni de la prensa; como tampoco el derecho del pueblo de reunirse pacíficamente y peticionar al gobierno el resarcimiento de agravios.

Second Amendment

All well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Segunda Enmienda

Siendo toda bien reglamentada Milicia necesaria a la seguridad de un Estado libre, el derecho del pueblo de mantener y portar Armas no será infringido.

Third Amendment

No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Tercera Enmienda

Ningún soldado estará, en tiempos de paz, alojado en ninguna casa sin el consentimiento del Propietario, ni en tiempos de guerra, salvo en la forma que la ley disponga.

Fourth Amendment

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Cuarta Enmienda

El derecho del pueblo de estar seguro en cuanto a sus personas, casas, documentos y efectos, contra cualesquier requisa e incautación irrazonables no deberá ser violado y no se emitirá ningun  Auto, salvo habiendo causa probable afianzada en Juramento o afirmación que en particular describa el lugar y las personas o cosas objeto de la requisa.

Fifth Amendment

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Quinta Enmienda

Ninguna persona deberá estar sujeta a responder por un delito capital u otrora considerado infame, salvo bajo formulación de acusaciones por un Gran Jurado, excepto en casos que surjan en las fuerzas armadas durante el servicio militar efectivo en tiempos de Guerra o de peligro público; tampoco se sujetará a persona alguna a ser procesada doblemente  por la misma ofensa bajo riesgo de su vida o cuerpo; como tampoco será compelida a testificar en su propia contra, ni ser privada de su vida libertad o propiedad sin el debido proceso de la ley; ni se despojará de su propiedad privada para uso público sin compensación justa.

Sixth Amendment

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein shall have been committed, which district shall have previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of counsel for his defense.

Sexta Enmienda

En todo  procedimiento penal el acusado gozará del derecho de tener un juicio rápido y público, delante de un jurado imparcial del Estado y distrito donde el delito se hubiere cometido y cuyo distrito hubiese sido previamente confirmado por la ley, y de ser informado de la naturaleza y causa de las acusaciones; de ser confrontado por los testigos en su contra; de ejercer el proceso conminatorio para hacer comparecer testigos en su favor, y de tener la Asistencia de abogado para su defensa.

Seventh Amendment

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

Séptima Enmienda

En pleitos de derecho consuetudinario cuyo valor en controversia exceda veinte dólares. se preservará el derecho de juicio con jurado y ninguno de los hechos juzgados por jurado será otrora reexaminado por ningun Juzgado en los Estados Unidos, aparte de en conformidad con las normas del derecho consuetudinario.

Eighth Amendment

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted.

Octava Enmienda

No se requerirá fianza excesiva, ni se impondrán multas excesivas, ni se infligirá castigo cruel e inusual.

Ninth Amendment

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Novena Enmienda

Que en la Constitución se mencionen ciertos derechos no deberá ser interpretado para negar o socavar otros derechos que el pueblo retiene.

Tenth Amendment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Décima Enmienda

Los poderes que la Constitución no delega a los Estados Unidos, ni que prohibe a los Estados, están reservados a los Estados respectivamente o al pueblo.

Eleventh Amendment

The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.

Onceava Enmienda

El Poder Judicial de los Estados Unidos no deberá ser interpretado como que se extiende a ningún pleito jurídico o de equidad que se haya  iniciado o proseguido en contra de alguno de los Ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos por otro Estado, or por ciudadanos o Sujetos de algún Estado Extranjero.

Twelfth Ammendment

Doceava Enmienda

Thirteenth Amendment

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishmnent for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or anyplace subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2. Congress shall have the power to enforce this article to appropriate legislation.

Treceava Enmienda

Sección 1. Ni la esclavitud ni la servidumbre involuntaria, excepto como castigo de un delito por el cual la parte haya sido debidamente condenada, deberá existir dentro de los Estados Unidos, ni en ningun lugar sujeto a su jurisdicción.

Sección 2. El Congreso tendrá poder para aplicar este artículo con el fin de apropiar la legislación pertinente.

Fourteenth Amendment

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jusrisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2.

Section 3.

Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebelion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligationincurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

Catorceava Enmienda

Sección 1. Toda persona nacida o naturalizada en los Estados Unidos y sujeta a dicha jurisdicción, es ciudadana de los Estados Unidos y del Estado en que reside. Ningun Estado hará o aplicará ninguna ley que menoscabe los privilegios o inmunidades de los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos; ni ningún Estado privará a ninguna persona de su vida, libertad, o propiedad, sin el debido proceso de la ley; ni denegará a ninguna persona dentro de su jurisdicción la protección equitativa de las leyes.

Sección 2.

Sección 3.

Sección 4. La validez de la deuda pública de los Estados Unidos, autorizada por ley, incluyendo deudas incurridas para el pago de pensiones y remuneración de servicios en la supresión de insurrección o rebelión, no deberá ser cuestionada. Sin embargo, ni los Estados Unidos ni ningún Estado deberá asumir o pagar ninguna deuda u obligación incurrida en ayuda de insurrección o rebelión en contra de los Estados Unidos, o ningun reclamo por pérdida o emancipación de ningun esclavo; sino que todas dichas deudas, obligaciones y reclamos deberán ser tenidas por ilegales y nulas.

Section 5. El Congreso tendrá el poder the aplicar, mediante la legislación pertinente, las disposiciones de este artículo.

Fifteenth Amendment

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Quinceava Enmienda

Seccción 1. El derecho de votar de los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos no será denegado ni menoscabado por los Estados Unidos ni por ningun Estado con base en raza, color o previa condición de servidumbre.

Sección 2. El Congreso tendrá el poder de aplicar este artículo mediante la legislación pertinente.

DGTranslations News

These are the some of the languages in which DGTranslations has provided translation and interpretation, TI, language services for:

Chinese, English, French, Czech, Haitian Creole, Hebrew,  Hindi, Italian, Portuguese, Norwegian, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Vietnamese and Urdu.

DGTranslations News

purplegreen@earthlink.net

1.305.984.4722

1.305.864.2955

Whether evolving along the same path or turning the corner you will be trekking in unknown territory, because this is what the Age of TR brings you. So please, pay attention.

We identify TR with Technological Redemption. This is what it is. Some might raise their eyebrows and say: redemption from what or take to the high road of a deep conviction, some vision that obeys to their formation in and information of the world. It is all well and good, but TR is more concrete than beliefs. It centers on the fact that we have, at last, managed to open Pandora’ s box. As a child that I will refer to by “Rufus” at some point or another would say: “…and it ain’t empty”. This is a pristine moment for Rufus and the world, the acknowledgement of technology’ s presence. Technology has existed from the implementation of tools to our striving efforts to perfect and innovate them. We are at this juncture aware that we are striving to achieve something with them and that by doing so and designing these tools we are changing ourselves.

Rufus would be right in his impression. Though it could be, it is far from empty. We have tapped onto technology without knowing how to harness it. There is a force in it that cannot be stopped. Even when harnessed it poses more technological problems prompting us to solve them. Anyone who attempts to eradicate it is doomed to fail.

This does not mean that technology ought to run rampant. No, no, no. But (and here is a sentence starting with a preposition, which I sort of like and former Secretary of State M. Albright would not object to) it must be granted access or else it will get access on its own.

In the Age of TR we are no longer in command. Whoever thought we were to one tenth of one per cent or more has lived an ephemeral illusion.

As we discover technology in this Age, –oh, by the way, ‘discover’ is such a presumptuous predicate. It tells of finding something that in fact finds us and finds us out– or as it finds us, rather, we allow it access to our world, the one we shape with gadgets and subterfuge along with marvelous creations that enhance the extent of our senses and some dare say our health. We are its makers, engineers, it’ s called, but more than that we are its instruments. Many of us do not know where the phenomenon of technology came from as if it has a root, a beginning to which it got nourishment, gave burst and grew to ripened harvest, all in the scheme of how it seems to be. It may be romantic to think of technology’ s origin and ours as having a common root. But origins fade and dim, implode or are succumbed by nothing. I just think we give ourselves too much credit in the scheme of things, including the tools made and who owns them. We are the instruments of this Age of TR where change is ubiquitous and time is losing ground to a paradigm of endless possibilities.

Purplegreen will strive to recognize its moderate role in the Age of TR. Please join us.